Features

High Magnetic Strength: Samarium exhibit a high maximum energy product (BHmax) ranging from 16 to 25 MGOe, making them incredibly powerful magnets. Their high coercivity and strong demagnetization resistance ensure consistent performance even under challenging conditions.
Temperature Stability: One of the standout features of Samarium is their excellent thermal stability. They can operate at temperatures up to 350°C without losing their magnetic properties, making them ideal for applications where temperature fluctuations are a concern.
Corrosion Resistance: Samarium possess natural resistance to corrosion and oxidation, eliminating the need for additional coatings or treatments. This property makes them suitable for use in environments exposed to moisture or corrosive chemicals.
Low Temperature Coefficient: The low temperature coefficient of Samarium means their magnetic properties remain stable across a wide range of temperatures, providing reliable performance in both hot and cold environments.

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Attributes

SmCo5 magnets are extremely resistant to demagnetization.
They have good temperature stability (maximum use temperatures between 250°C (523 K) and 550°C (823 K); Curie temperatures from 700°C (973 K) to 800°C (1,070 K)).
They are expensive and subject to price fluctuations (cobalt is market price sensitive).

Physical and mechanical properties

Comparison of physical properties of sintered neodymium and Sm-Co magnets
Property	Neodymium	Sm-Co
Remanence (T)	1–1.3	0.82–1.16
Coercivity (MA/m)	0.875–1.99	0.493–1.59
Relative permeability	1.05	1.05
Temperature coefficient of remanence (%/K)	−0.12	−0.03
Temperature coefficient of coercivity (%/K)	−0.55..–0.65	−0.15..–0.30
Curie temperature (°C)	320	800
Density (g/cm3)	7.3–7.5	8.2–8.4
CTE, magnetizing direction (1/K)	5.2×10−6	5.2×10−6
CTE, normal to magnetizing direction (1/K)	−0.8×10−6	11×10−6
Flexural strength (N/mm2)	250	150
Compressive strength (N/mm2)	1100	800
Tensile strength (N/mm2)	75	35
Vickers hardness (HV)	550–650	500–650
Electrical resistivity (Ω·cm)	(110–170)×10−6	86×10−6

SmCo Magnets Types

SmCo5 magnets

They are the first generation of samarium cobalt magnets. The numbers in the grade designation refer to the ratio of samarium to cobalt in the magnet composition. The 1:5 grades have one samarium atom coupled with five cobalt atoms. They contain approximately 15-25% samarium, 5-7% cobalt, and small amounts of other rare earth metals such as praseodymium and neodymium. Such magnets have a maximum energy product (BH)max of around 26-30 MGOe (mega gauss-oersteds). They are suitable for use in high-temperature applications up to 350°C, while their curie temperature is about 500°C. Additionally, the 1:5 series excels at better corrosion resistance and machinability because such samarium cobalt magnets do not possess any iron. Meanwhile, Sm2Co17 magnets might have few iron contents, so extra corrosion protection is required.

Sm2Co17 Magnets

Gradually, Sm2Co17 magnets took the place of magnets because of their stronger energy and higher work temperatures. Such magnets have two samarium atoms along with seventeen cobalt atoms. The 2:17 grades of samarium cobalt magnets contain approximately 33-37% samarium and 12-14% cobalt, and you can find praseodymium and neodymium as well. These magnets have a maximum energy product (BH)max of around 32-34 MGOe and are suitable for use in even higher-temperature applications up to 500°C. The curie temperature of Sm2Co17 is about 700°C.

Production of SmCo5 Magnets

The reduction/melt method and reduction/diffusion method are used to manufacture samarium-cobalt magnets. The reduction/melt method will be described since it is used for both SmCo5 and Sm2Co17 production. The raw materials are melted in an induction furnace filled with argon gas. The mixture is cast into a mold and cooled with water to form an ingot. The ingot is pulverized, and the particles are further milled to reduce the particle size. The resulting powder is pressed in a die of the desired shape, in a magnetic field to orient the magnetic field of the particles. Sintering is applied at a temperature of 1100˚C–1250˚C, followed by solution treatment at 1100˚C–1200˚C. Tempering is finally performed on the magnet at about 700˚C–900˚C. It is then ground and further magnetized to increase its magnetic properties. The finished product is tested, inspected, and packed.

FAQ

Q: 1.What is SmCo5?

A: They are composed of Samarium-Cobalt alloys with Sm-Co ratio of 1-5, that is to say, one atom of Samarium with five atoms of Cobalt. By weight, the Samarium would occupy 36% of the total. By weight, this samarium cobalt magnet alloy will typically contain 36% Samarium with the balance Cobalt.

Q: 2.How strong are SmCo magnets?

A: Samarium cobalt magnets produce energy ranging from 15MGOe up to 32MGOe. In comparison, the strongest commercially available magnets give a maximum energy product of 52MGOe.

Q: 3.What are samarium cobalt magnets used for?

A: Samarium cobalt magnets, because of their characteristics are most commonly used in applications which require high operating temperatures such as generators, pump couplings, sensors, motors, marine applications and in the automotive, aerospace, military and food and manufacturing industries.

Q: 4.Which is better neodymium or samarium cobalt magnets?

A: SmCo magnets operate better than NdFeB magnets at higher temperatures and in more corrosive environments than Neodymium magnets. Neodymium magnets have a much stronger magnetic field –with the highest BH Max of any permanent magnet available today –and they are cheaper than SmCo.

Q: 5.What magnet is stronger than neodymium?

A: Neodymium is a rare earth magnet. Iron Nitride ( Fe 16 N 2 ), which is produced by combining Iron and Nitrogen is considered a stronger magnet than Neodymium ( Nd 2 Fe 14 B ) . Iron Nitride is a very strong permanent magnet that does not require any rare-earth elements, such as neodymium.

Q: 6.What is the difference between SmCo5 and Sm2Co17?

A: The Sm2Co17 offers higher magnetic strength and temperature stability but is also more expensive. The SmCo5 is more corrosion-resistant and cost-effective, and it may be sufficient for many applications.

Q: 7.What is the grade of SmCo magnets?

A: The range of SmCo magnet grades typically extends from 16 MGOe to 32 MGOe. This range allows for optimizing cost, performance, and operational temperature resistance. There are two main types of Samarium Cobalt magnet alloy.

Q: 8.What is samarium most commonly used for?

A: The most common use of samarium is with cobalt (Co) in high-strength SmCo5- and Sm2Co17-based permanent magnets suitable for high-temperature applications.

Q: 9.Do samarium cobalt magnets rust?

A: Some grades of samarium cobalt magnets are made purely from samarium and cobalt and these have excellent resistance to corrosion.

Q: 10.What are the benefits of samarium cobalt magnets?

A: Samarium cobalt magnets are not as powerful as super-strong neodymium magnets but they have some significant advantages. Samarium cobalt magnets work over a wider temperature range, have superior temperature coefficients and have much greater corrosion resistance.

Q: 11.What are the applications of SmCo magnets?

A: They are routinely used in high-performance motors, machinery, pumps, medical devices, magnetic couplings, magnetic separators and other equipment for automotive, aerospace, medical, military and industrial automation industries.

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